经历了上周首考有多少小伙伴被新一年的托福给吓到了？经历了首考之后，本场考试难度明显回落。其中口语和写作主题明确，还有真题加持，分手正当时！快来和我们一起来回忆下吧~~
阅读部分Reading
1，希腊认为的神圣场所(重复20150201)
2，两种地貌形成的原因
3，植物如何获得氮元素
4，某一时期画作的简化
5，英国的经济起步
6，氧气在海面的含量和深层海
7，更新世冰川形成
8，玻利维亚附近某地的农业
9，Biofeedback（用精神控制心跳和血压，尿等等）
10，animal bones in caves。考古学家通过caves里发现的动物骨头去定位气候以及环境的变化
11，氧气在海里的分布以及一些大型小型动物需求的氧气
12. 社会学：欧洲印刷技术的演变
13. 生物学：origin of life，生物形成的最初条件
青藤语培
听力部分Listening
Conversation
1，带小学生逛博物馆参观活动
2，教授找小组meeting讨论课题调查问卷
3，一个男生去找学校博物馆的女校长问有一个小册子怎么还不到？顺便问到了学校还缺不缺人手她想找一份工作挣钱，但是校长说，他可以先去做一个志愿者增加自己的经历，如果有职位就告诉他，校长说自己也是学艺术史毕业的
4，男学生的paper 可能要写不完了，原因发现是他的主题和历史有出入，讲到的是一种什么东西，然后最后可能不是最早从英国开始之类的，然后教授建议他直接讲明主题，里面的内容还能用，所以应该来得及写
5，关于讨论职业候选人以及可能相关的变动
6，Man does Brain Consciousness Project with his group members using online communication，good results
青藤语培
Lecture
1，黄石公园火山的形成假说
2，non-native animals对于当地动物是好是坏（例子：cane toad & baby tear）
3，美国最原来13个州制定的邦联宪法
4，一幅用金子和羽毛装饰的fancy画作inMexico，羽毛保存得很好，用胶水粘贴，主要讲胶水的制作方法
5，NMA methods for archaeologi research，ancient hunter-gatherers and the large shark teeth found in places，4 possible sources of the teeth
6，爱因斯坦 relativity using magnet and coil as example
青藤语培
口语部分Speaking
Task 1
大学里规定，每一周学生的打工时间不能超过一定小时你是否同意？
参考范文
I support this idea, because it is a common sense that students should prioritize learning. Limiting students’ working hours enables students to arrange enough hours for finishing course works. Like in my school, students, regardless of their grades, are only allowed to work for at most 10 hours per week. Very few students have ever complained that they don’t have enough time to do homework. Besides, limiting every single student’s working hours can effectively provide job opportunities for a wider range of students. As we all know, jobs on campus are very competitive. Let’s say, if we limit students’ working hours to 10, rather than unlimited hours, the school is able to double job opportunities.
Task 2
大学里有一个新的政策，学生宿舍接待朋友或者亲属不能连续超过三个晚上，以免打扰其他人，你是否同意？男生觉得这样不好，他的室友一次带来他哥哥住了一个星期，但提前告诉他了，所以他觉得也没什么。去校外的酒店住男生觉得太贵了，他的父母来住还可以，但他的朋友可能就不会来找他玩了。
Task3
阅读：动物为了实现更好的繁殖而采取的某种移动behavior
听力：蝴蝶butterfly实验：第一组蝴蝶不会飞到很远的地方，而第二组蝴蝶为了繁殖会飞到远的地方
Task4
提升品牌忠诚度brand loyalty的两种方式
方式1：交流：店员会与你形成一种personal relationship
方式2：打折：给顾客提供10% 的折扣
青藤语培
写作部分Writing
综合写作（重复2017年12月16日真题）
话题：如何保护蝙蝠不被风力涡轮机伤害
|
阅读部分 |
听力反驳 |
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蝙蝠每年迁徙的路线是固定的，所以只要把风力涡轮机建在远离迁徙路线的地方即可 |
风力涡轮机的选址比较特殊，需要在山脊才有足够的风发电，但山脊正好在蝙蝠迁飞的路线上。如果搬走，可能会影响涡轮机的效果 |
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风力涡轮机只在白天工作，如此一来，夜间活动的蝙蝠便不会受到影响 |
蝙蝠晚上活动白天休息。蝙蝠会选址比较高的建筑结构休息，比如风力涡轮机。如果让涡轮白天工作，可能对休息的蝙蝠产生影响 |
|
使用雷达电波驱赶蝙蝠。事实表明，蝙蝠一般不在有雷达电波的地方活动，比如机场 |
蝙蝠之所以远离雷达，是因为雷达电波会破坏它们的生殖系统。如果采用雷达电波驱赶，这会带来伤害，从而使数量更少 |
话题分类：生物/技术类
参考范文
The reading passage and the lecture debate on the solutions to save bats from being harmed by wind turbine. The reading passage proposes three solutions, which are all contradicted by the following lecture.
The first solution is to construct wind turbine at places not interfering with bats’ migratory patterns. Scientists could study the patterns, and then guide power companies to build turbines not in the paths of the bats' migrations. However, the lecturer finds this impractical because wind turbines have to be built where there is plenty of wind to spin the turbine. But that’s exactly where bats are most likely to migrate as they follow mountain ridges. The wind speed will be too slow to spin the turbines if they are built outside of bats’ migration paths, for example flat plains.
The second solution is to shut down the current wind turbines at night, so that the blades of the wind turbines will not harm the bats flying though the area. But the lecture opposes, contending that bats have to sleep when the night is almost over, often on the wind turbines. When the wind turbines are turned back on during the day the bats will still be harmed.
The last solution, according to the reading, is to use radar to keep bats away from the turbines. It is because bats can detect the waves emitted by radar, and they will stay away from it. Yet the lecture finds this a bad idea as radar waves can harm the bats’ reproductive organs. Once they get in touch with the wave, their reproductive system will be permanently injured and this will further reduce bat’s population.
独立写作（重复2011.12.18 原题）
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The government should spend money on the construction of new buildings rather than on the preservation of old buildings.
话题分类：政府类 解题思路：有should建议类词汇，出现了两个选项，既可以看作建议类陈述也可以看作优劣对比，但rather than提示我们题干比较偏激，陈述为完全不保留原有古老建筑，比较好破题的方法是将本题看为绝对词类型去处理，即反对绝对说法，让步＋2个反驳段落说明保护老建筑的必要性和好处等；
建议解题思路：
反对：让步段：政府建造新建筑当然非常重要，有很多好处，比如为更多人提供住房满足刚需等；但是，不应该完全不保护老建筑；反对理由1: 老建筑有文化价值，是城市的文化和历史象征，比如北京南京、罗马、希腊等；反对理由2：老建筑保留得好反而能够吸引游客，更好的发展当地经济。
参考范文
Every culture has its special features. Of course, urban development requires continuous construction to cater the need of city dwellers. However, conventional buildings, as symbol of architectural heritage, are an important part of the history of any country or city. Moreover, they could help us find the answers of many questions about the historical development of our society. Therefore, I truly believe that every administration should try to preserve the old, historic buildings despite the demand of metropolis’ skyscrapers.
Firstly, a historic building always represents history and has educational functions. Each historical building is precious property of human beings; each one can tell us a story. For example, some buildings are evidences of foreign invasion, while others are signs of various religions existed in past decades; The former Imperial Palace in China, where ancient emperors have ever stayed, has had a longstanding history as long as over 2000 years. If it were well-preserved, through it, we not only can remember many famous events, but can also know that ancient people have grasped very advanced architecture techniques and methods; Although it had been barbarously demolished, its heritages still reminds us the dark history and the value of peace. In many old cities, there are some old houses at where there were many important meetings hold. When we visited old sites, we seemed to go back to that turbulent and exciting time—as if we were there and could hear what those important historic characters had been talking. People nowadays can always obtain historic or cultural information through visiting these old buildings and sites. Although we can learn the past from books, pictures, and museums, nothing can compare with the actual historical buildings themselves, which can bring vivid educational material to us: many buildings are still carefully preserved in their authentic appearances. Like an antic, the value of an old building cannot be measured by money. Furthermore, many of them have unique constructions and are really beautiful and impressive, such as The Parthenon and Roman Arch. In my opinion, the destruction of such remarkable pieces of architecture and their replacement with modern buildings can be called ‘barbarity’. Once a historical building is destroyed or demolished, we can never restore it; even if it is restored to its original look, the new building is only a fake replica while the historical value will never come back to us. What people need is not the duplication or copy. Therefore, a lot of old buildings belonging to the historical heritage of the world are protected by UNESCO.
Secondly, historical buildings are a symbol of a city and cities that have their old, historic buildings carefully preserved are favorite places for holiday and tourism. The reason is that these cities keep their special atmosphere and could offer us a magnificent journey through their cultural and architectural history. Beijing is represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, which are all historical relics. It is hard to imagine that someday the government decides that all these buildings should be destroyed and modern buildings be built on their sites, a decision that both brings about great pity of losing cultural and historical icons and losses profound tourist income.
The only reasonable argument to destroy some historic buildings and replace them with modern ones is when there is a risk of self-destruction, which could endanger human lives. But again the safety standard can be achieved by renovation or restoration of old buildings.
In conclusion, I would say that preserving old, historic buildings could be considered as a sign of our respect and regard to the previous generations. I am aware that it is an expensive initiative. But who can evaluate the worth the historic buildings have, and I would dare to ask – who gives us the right to destroy what the centuries have kept for us? For all reasons given above, I will strongly suggest the government should preserve the old, historical buildings.
