《经济学人》常被视作英语学习的范本，文章中常见的优秀文章也是英文学习者进阶的重要工具。为此我们青藤语培开通了「经济学人Day」栏目每周不定时推送《经济学人》文章及其详解，包括官方精选例句、重难点单词释义、写作积累等。每日坚持早日分托！
小编说：
俗话说，人往高处走，水往低处流。为了追求更好的生活品质，有的人选自背井离乡去大城市打工挣钱再寄回乡；有的人举家移民异国，追求更好的教育和生活环境；有的人支付不起高昂的移民费用，采用非法途径去所谓的理想之国企图改变命运，比如上个月震惊世界的39人集装箱遇难事件。本周的精读选自20191116期经济学人，我们来看下有关移民政策的分析，移民的优缺点，正反方的立场以及移民政策的注意事项。
思维导图
Unlock that door打开那扇门注：标题是Unlock that door，作者将移民政策比作了一扇门，各种政策限制比作了锁，称这把锁的钥匙在选民手里。
Voters could make the world twice as rich. Why don’t they?选民可以让世界变得比现在富裕一倍，可他们为什么不呢？
How to make immigration more palatable in rich democracies如何让移民在富裕的民主国家更被认可
palatable /'pælətəbl/adj.（食物）美味的， 认同的，认可的
▼A very palatable wine 美酒
引申义指可以接受的，合乎趣味的，可与acceptable同义替换：
▼I'm afraid the members won't find all these changes very palatable.
恐怕会员们不会觉得这些变化全都很合他们的心意。
democracy /də'mɑkrəsi/n.可以指民主；民主思想；民主政体；也可以指民主国家：
Imagine you are offered a job at triple your salary. But first you must pass through a locked door, and someone with the key won’t open it. You might be willing to pay them to let you through. Whether this is fair or not is beside the point. They have the key and you don’t. If you gave them a portion of the increase in your wages, you would both be better off.
假设有人给你一份工作，薪水是现在的三倍。但是你首先要通过一扇锁着的门，而有钥匙的人是不会给你开门的。你可能愿意付钱给他们让你通过。这是否公平并不重要。他们有钥匙，而你没有。如果你愿意把一部分增加的工资给他们，你们俩都会过的好。
Beside the point指不重要的；离题的，不相关的
better off 富裕的、经济状况好的
This is not a bad analogy for global immigration policy. When migrants move from a poor country to a rich one, they typically make three to six times as much money as before. If everyone who wanted to migrate were allowed to do so, the world would by one estimate be twice as rich. Yet this vast gain cannot be realised, because most would-be migrants are forced to stay where they are. The door is locked, and voters in rich countries hold the key.
这是一个对全球移民政策不错的类比。当移民从贫穷国家搬到富裕国家时，他们的收入通常是从前的3-6倍。如果允许每个想要移民的人都可以这样做，这个世界估计会比现在富裕一倍。然而，这一巨大的收益是无法实现的，因为大多数想要移民的人都被迫留在原地。门是锁着的，而富裕国家的选民掌握着钥匙。
Analogy名词，指类比；比拟；类推
常见搭配有：Draw an analogy between A and B; By analogy with sth
By one estimate 据估计，是个常见的固定搭配，可以出现在句首、句中以及句尾，比较灵活。可以与我们常见的（it is estimated to do sth/that从句）替换
Is there a way to open that door? Hardly anyone is considering it. Instead,the debate in rich countries veers between fearmongering and moralising. Nationalists, from Donald Trump, America’s president, to Viktor Orban, Hungary’s prime minister,portray immigrants as athreat to the culture, wages and even lives of thenative-born. Pro-migration liberals,by contrast, are quick to dismiss those who disagree with them as racists, and mouth slogans that seem almost designed to alienate voters. Several Democrats in America talk not of reforming but of abolishing ice, the agency enforcing immigration laws.
有办法打开那扇门吗？几乎没有人考虑过。相反，富裕国家关于此的辩论在恐吓和说教之间摇摆。从美国总统唐纳德.特朗普到匈牙利总理维克托.欧尔班，民族主义者将移民描绘成对本土文化、报酬甚至生活的威胁。相对之下，支持移民的自由派人士很快就会把那些不同意他们观点的人视为种族主义者而抛弃，并对那些旨在离间选民的口号语不屑一顾。美国的一些民主党人士谈论的不是改革，而是废除移民法执行机构ICE.
fearmongering n. 恐吓fearmongering是fear+mongerin组成。我们知道fear是恐慌的意思。Monger作名词讲，本意指商贩、商人、小贩，常常作为后缀跟在名词后，指贩卖或传播……的人，后面加ing则表示这种行为。文中指民族主义者大肆散布对于移民的恐慌
moralizing 说教.Moralising是moralise的动名词形式，moralise又可以写作moralize，指训导，说教，含贬义，此时是不及物动词，可与preach替换
Portray动词，指描述、描绘、描写，常见搭配portray sb as sth把（某人）刻画成，将（某人）塑造成
Pro-migration支持移民，与之相对应的是Anti-migration反对移民。注意前缀Pro-和anti-，一个是赞成，一个是反对。
Alienate及物动词，指使疏远、离间、使远离
dismiss v. 抛弃；不理会，不考虑。居中第一个dismiss those指抛弃的意思，后半句dismiss mouth slogan是“不理会，不屑一顾”的意思。
alienate /ˈeljəˌnet/ v.使疏远，使不友好。【扩展】alien做形容词时，指外国的，外国人的；做名词是外国人。
A more pragmatic approach would be to think in terms of costs, benefits and how they might be distributed. The biggest beneficiaries of migration are the migrants themselves, who earn far more and in many cases escape from oppression or sexism. Their birthplaces benefit from the money they send home and the knowledge they bring back when they return, which usually more than makes up for any “brain drain”.
一个更务实的方法是从成本、收益和如何进行分配这几个方面进行考虑。移民的最大受益者是移民自己，他们挣了更多的钱，很多情况下还摆脱了压迫或性别歧视。他们的出生地也从他们寄回家的钱和回国后带回去的知识得到受益，这足以弥补了任何的“人才流失”。
pragmatic /præg'mætɪk/adj.务实的，实事求是的，注重实效的
brain drain人才流失
The benefits to host countries are hefty, too. Skilled immigrants check pulses, write code and help local firms do business with their homelands. Migrants are twice as likely as the native-born to start a business and three times as likely to patent an idea. Blue-collar immigrants provide cheaperplumbing, child care and parcel deliveries. By one estimate, 83% of native-born rich country workers benefit from immigration. Migrants may drag down the wages of native workers with similar skills, but the effect is so small that economists are not sure it exists. 东道国也从中受益匪浅。技术熟练的移民检查脉冲，编写代码，帮助当地公司与他们的祖国做生意。移民创业的可能性是土生土长者的两倍，申请创意专利的可能性是土生土长者的三倍。蓝领移民提供更便宜的管道、儿童保育和包裹递送服务。据估计，83% 的土生土长的富裕国家的工人从移民中受益。移民可能会拖累具有类似技能的本地工人的工资，但影响是如此之小，以至于经济学家不确定它是否存在。
benefits to 对... 有利
heftyadj.重的；肌肉发达的；异常大的；相当多的
比较级：heftier
最高级：heftiest
同义词：big and strong；forceful；bulky；sizable
plumbing管道
The biggest cost of migration is the hardest to measure. It is cultural. Many people like their societies the way they are. Some bristle when they hear foreign languages on the bus, or when a mosque replaces a pub. Since migrants tend to cluster, some places change uncomfortably fast. Such feelings are inflamed by demagogues, who wildlyexaggerate the threat from a tiny minority of migrants—especially from crime.
移民的最大成本是最难衡量的。这是一种文化。许多人喜欢他们的社会现状。有些人在公共汽车上听到外国语言，或者清真寺取代了酒吧，都会感到愤怒。由于移民往往聚集在一起，一些地方变化很快，令人不安。蛊惑人心的政客煽动了这种情绪，他们疯狂地夸大来自极少数移民的威胁，尤其是来自犯罪。
bristle ['brɪsl] n.刚毛；猪鬃 v.生气；直立
exaggerate[ɪɡ'zædʒəret] vt. 使扩大；使增大，vi. 夸大；夸张
重点词组积累
beside the point指不重要的；离题的，不相关的
By one estimate 据估计
Wound-be形容词，指想要做…的；试图成为…的；未来的
talk of doing谈论做某事儿
benefits to 对... 有利
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